The first Christian generations stood apart from the violence and vengeance that characterized the ancient world. Those who followed Jesus understood his teachings on peace, love of enemies, and forgiveness as central, not optional.

The earliest so-called “Church Fathers”—those closest in time to the apostles—consistently condemned the use of violence, whether in defense of church, home or country. Their words bear witness to a faith defined by absolute non-violence and patient endurance under persecution and even death.

“Christians are not allowed to use violence to correct the delinquencies of sins.” Clement of Alexandria (c. 195, Ep. 2.581.

“We have learned not to return blow for blow nor to go to law with those who plunder and rob us. Not only that, but to those who strike us on one side of the face, we have learned to offer the other side also.” Athenagoras c. 175, Ε. 2.129.

Jesus “commanded [His followers] not only not to strike others, but even, when they themselves are struck, to present the other cheek.” Jesus commanded them “not only not to injure their neighbors, nor to do them any evil, but also, when they are dealt with wickedly, to long-suffering.” Irenaeus c. 180, Ef. 1.408.

“Hippias [a pagan] is put to death for laying plots against the state. No Christian ever attempted such a thing on behalf of his brethren, even when persecution was scattering them abroad with every atrocity.” Tertullian (c. 195, W), 3.51.

These are but a few of the many testimonies revealing how the pre-Constantinian Church viewed the use of violence—whether political, defensive, or punitive—as incompatible with the teachings of Christ. For these early believers, to follow Jesus meant to suffer wrong rather than inflict it, to forgive rather than avenge, and to conquer not by the sword, but by steadfast faith and love for the kingdom gospel message.